Pregnancy is a journey filled with so many changes and, sometimes, surprises when it comes to your health. Understanding the changes happening in your body is important during every stage of pregnancy. One such change that may catch you by surprise is an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count. White blood cells are like the body’s defense army, always on guard to protect you from infections and other harmful invaders. They’re part of your immune system, working behind the scenes to fight bacteria, viruses, and anything else that doesn’t belong in your body.
While a spike in WBCs can sound concerning at first, especially if you're unfamiliar with what it means, rest assured that it’s usually a completely normal part of pregnancy. Let’s break down why this happens, the potential causes, and how you can stay healthy during this exciting time.
What Does It Mean When Your WBC Count is High?
A high white blood cell count, known as
leukocytosis, isn't usually a cause for concern during pregnancy. When you're pregnant, your body naturally ramps up its immune response to protect both you and your growing baby, so it's common for your white blood cell count to rise slightly.[
*] Under normal conditions, your WBC count is between 4,500 and 11,000 cells per microliter of blood. By the third trimester, it’s common to see levels between 12,000 and 16,000, and even slightly higher during labor.
This rise in WBC count is part of your body’s way of preparing for the physical demands of childbirth and the increased risk of infection during this period. Your immune system is working overtime to ensure both you and your baby stay healthy. In fact, it’s not unusual for white blood cell levels to peak at around
20,000 cells per microliter during labor due to the stress and exertion your body is experiencing.
How Early Can White Blood Cell Levels Rise in Pregnancy?
While most women notice an increase in WBC levels during the third trimester, some may experience elevated counts as early as eight weeks according to this
2021 study. In the first few weeks of pregnancy, your body is working hard to adjust to the physical changes and increased demands. This shift can lead to a moderate rise in WBCs, which is usually no cause for concern unless it’s accompanied by symptoms like fever or persistent illness.
If your WBC levels remain elevated beyond what's expected, your doctor may suggest further testing to rule out infections or other health concerns.
Why Does the WBC Count Increase During Pregnancy?
Your body undergoes numerous changes during pregnancy, many of which aren’t immediately visible. One such change is your immune system’s increased activity, which naturally raises WBC levels. Here are some reasons why this happens:
Increased Immune Activity
During pregnancy, your immune system becomes more vigilant, protecting both you and your developing baby. A heightened immune response is necessary to fend off infections that could harm either of you. This heightened immune alertness can cause a natural rise in WBCs, especially toward the end of pregnancy.
Physical Stress
Carrying a baby is a workout on its own! Your body is under physical stress, even if you’re feeling great. Pregnancy-related stress—such as hormonal shifts, weight gain, and the demands on your organs—can cause a spike in WBCs. Labor, in particular, is a high-stress event, often resulting in a temporary jump in white blood cells.
Inflammation
Inflammation is a natural part of pregnancy. Whether it’s caused by minor injuries, such as bruises, or more chronic conditions, inflammation can lead to an increase in WBCs. Even minor changes like swelling or body aches can be connected to this bodily response.
What are the Common Causes of WBC Increase?
While an elevated white blood cell count is typically normal, there are instances where it could signify other medical conditions. Understanding these causes can help you and your healthcare provider monitor your health more closely:
Infection
If your WBC count is significantly higher than expected, your body might be fighting an infection. Common pregnancy-related infections include urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, and even viral illnesses like the flu. Symptoms like fever, chills, and general discomfort should prompt a visit to your doctor.
Stress and Emotional Health
Emotional stress can also influence WBC levels. Pregnancy can be an emotionally charged time, with worries about your baby’s health, labor, and life changes ahead. Your body may respond to heightened emotional stress by increasing WBC production. This is why it’s so important to take care of your mental health as well as your physical health during pregnancy.
Autoimmune Conditions
If you have an autoimmune condition—such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis—you might already have elevated WBC levels. Pregnancy can sometimes cause these conditions to flare up, leading to further increases in WBC counts. Be sure to work with your healthcare provider to manage any pre-existing conditions effectively during pregnancy.
Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and can also contribute to elevated WBC levels. If left untreated, it can affect the liver, kidneys, and other organs, so regular prenatal visits are essential. Symptoms to watch for include swelling, severe headaches, and sudden weight gain.
Gestational Diabetes
Pregnancy-related diabetes, known as gestational diabetes, is linked to increased inflammation, which can, in turn, elevate WBC levels. If your blood sugar levels become difficult to manage, this can cause stress on the body, triggering an immune response. Regular monitoring of blood sugar and a balanced diet can help keep both gestational diabetes and inflammation under control.
When Should You Be Concerned?
If your white blood cell count is extremely high or your doctor suspects an underlying issue, they will likely order further testing to get to the bottom of it. Some warning signs to look out for include:
- Fever or signs of infection
- Persistent fatigue or weakness
- Severe headaches or changes in vision
- Sudden swelling, particularly in your face or hands
- Weight loss
- Night Sweats
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to reach out to your doctor immediately.
How Can You Stay Healthy in the Third Trimester?
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy can help keep your immune system in balance. Here are some ways to stay healthy and support a normal WBC count:
Stay Hydrated
Proper hydration is essential during pregnancy. Drinking plenty of water helps your body function optimally and supports your immune system. Dehydration can contribute to stress on the body and increase the risk of urinary tract infections, both of which can affect your WBC count. Aim for at least 8-10 cups of water a day, and more if you’re active or it’s hot outside.
Eat a Balanced Diet
Your immune system thrives on proper nutrition, and a healthy, well-rounded diet can help manage inflammation, promote better immune function, and keep your WBC levels stable. Focus on foods rich in vitamins C and E (think fruits, veggies, and nuts), which can help fight inflammation. If you’re dealing with gestational diabetes, be sure to balance your meals with fiber-rich foods and lean proteins to stabilize blood sugar levels.
Manage Stress Levels
As we discussed earlier, emotional stress can contribute to higher WBC counts. Consider incorporating stress-relieving practices like yoga, meditation, or simply taking quiet moments for yourself. Pregnancy can feel overwhelming at times, but setting aside even 10 minutes a day to focus on your mental health can make a big difference.
Stay Active
Regular physical activity not only helps with mental and emotional well-being but can also reduce inflammation and promote a healthy pregnancy. Whether it’s walking, prenatal yoga, or swimming, staying active can keep your body strong and ready for labor. Plus, exercise can help regulate blood sugar and prevent conditions like gestational diabetes.
Practice Good Hygiene
Washing your hands regularly, especially after using the restroom or touching surfaces in public spaces, is key to reducing your risk for infections. Pregnancy can make you more vulnerable to infections, so practicing preventative measures is key.
Get Plenty of Rest
Pregnancy can be exhausting, so it's essential to get enough rest. Sleep helps your body repair and recharge, which is crucial for supporting your immune system. A well-rested body can better manage stress and inflammation, reducing the risk of infection or complications that could increase WBC levels. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night, and don’t hesitate to take naps during the day if needed.
Final Thoughts
As you navigate the many changes pregnancy brings, it’s also worth considering steps you can take to safeguard your baby’s future health. While your immune system and white blood cells protect you during pregnancy, banking your baby’s cord blood stem cells are a way to prepare for future health needs. Unlike white blood cells, cord blood stem cells are known for their regenerative properties and can be used to treat various medical conditions such as leukemia, certain immune disorders, and even some metabolic diseases. If stored, they can be a crucial resource should any unexpected health challenges arise later in life for your child, a sibling or even other family members.
If you’re considering cord blood banking, Cryo-Cell is here to answer all your questions. We can explain the process and can help you decide whether this option aligns with your family’s health plans.
Stay healthy and remember—you’re doing great!
This blog post is intended for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider with any questions or concerns you may have during your pregnancy.